腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的体会(附67例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜技术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的方法和疗效,并结合治疗体会,为临床提供更多的参考依据。方法:对2006年3月~2011年9月我科收治的67例肾盂旁囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中采用经腹膜后途径29例,经腹腔途径20例,单孔腹腔镜技术18例。分析患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症的发生情况、术后住院时间及复查随访情况。结果:所有病例的手术均成功,手术时间38~120min,平均时间(70.3±9)min;术中出血量10~125 ml,平均(47.3±15.7)ml;均未出现肾蒂及肾盂损伤等并发症。术后2~6天(平均3.4天)拔除引流管,术后住院3~7 d,平均(4.2±0.6)d。术后1月复查,腰酸、腰痛、镜下血尿以及肾积水、高血压等临床症状均消失。术后随访1~47个月,未见囊肿复发。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂旁囊肿具有暴露充分、创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点,可作为肾盂旁囊肿治疗的首选方法。术者应严格掌握其适应症,术前完善相关检查,术中仔细辨认肾静脉壁与囊肿,操作轻柔,填入肾门脂肪可有效防止囊肿的术后复发。     

AhR与Nrf2基因相互作用的分子机制研究进展

芳香烃受体(Aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AhR)作为一种配体依赖性激活的转录因子,调控肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖和凋亡,对环境中毒物和异物质代谢、机体免疫调节具有重要作用.核因子E2-相关因子2(Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)是氧化还...     

叶酸缺乏对小鼠胚胎干细胞Nespas DMR 区甲基化修饰的影响

目的：探讨叶酸缺乏对小鼠胚胎干细胞（ESCs）中Nespas 差异甲基化区域（Differentially Methylated Region, DMR）甲基化修 饰的影响以及叶酸浓度与甲基化水平的关系。方法：多种不同浓度叶酸处理小鼠ESCs,化学发光免疫分析法检测ESCs 细胞内叶 酸浓度。利用MassARRAY 技术平台检测三种不同叶酸浓度处理后的ESCs中Nespas DMR 启动子区,外显子区和内含子区甲基 化修饰状态,并且分析Nespas DMR 启动子区,外显子区和内含子区甲基化水平与叶酸浓度之间的关系。结果：无叶酸组（FF）小鼠 ESCs 细胞内叶酸浓度显著低于低叶酸组（FD）与正常叶酸组（FN）（P<0.05）。Nespas DMR 中启动子区、外显子区以及内含子区甲 基化水平在FF组显著低于FD 和FN 组（P<0.05）,并且Nespas DMR中启动子区以及内含子区甲基化水平与叶酸浓度存在显著 的正相关（P<0.05）。结论：叶酸缺乏影响小鼠ESCs 中Nespas DMR 区甲基化修饰的建立。     

HPLC法测定抗宫炎凝胶剂中金石蚕苷含量的研究

目的:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定抗宫炎凝胶剂中金石蚕苷的含量,为制定其质量标准提供基础。方法:采用十八烷基硅烷键合胶为填充剂,乙腈-0.5%磷酸(18:82)为流动相;检测波长为332 nm;流速为1.0 ml/min,探讨HPLC测定抗宫炎凝胶剂中金石蚕苷含量的专属性、精密度、稳定性、重现性等。结果:金石蚕苷在0.104~0.468 mg/ml范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.76%,RSD为1.56%。结论:采用HPLC测定抗宫炎凝胶剂中金石蚕苷含量的专属性、精密度、稳定性、重现性均良好,该方法简便可靠,可用于抗宫炎凝胶剂的质量标准的研究。     

双极射频消融改良迷宫术治疗房颤的中远期疗效及其影响因素分析

目的:分析心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融改良迷宫术治疗房颤的术后中远期疗效及其影响因素。方法:选取2007年7月至2010年12月于我院行心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融改良迷宫术治疗房颤的72例患者,术后随访3至6年,获得患者术后十二导联心电图、24 h动态心电图和心脏彩超结果,并且记录术后药物应用、相关并发症、心功能恢复情况及生活质量是否改善等情况。根据心电图结果,将患者分为窦性心律组与非窦性心律组,应用统计学方法比较两组患者术前相关因素是否有差异。结果:截止至随访终点,有效随访的68例患者中窦性心律维持率为63.2%。单因素分析显示术前房颤病程、术前左室射血分数、是否合并三尖瓣成形或置换是影响手术效果的影响因素,多因素分析显示术前房颤病程、合并三尖瓣成形或置换是影响手术效果的危险因素。结论:心脏瓣膜置换同期行双极射频消融改良迷宫术治疗房颤的中晚期疗效好,术后并发症少,能够有效防止血栓栓塞,术前房颤病程长、合并三尖瓣成形或置换的患者术后中远期效果相对较差。     

兔胚胎时期特异性基因相关新片段的克隆

阶段特异性基因的表达是早期胚胎发育过程中的重要事件,对植入前胚胎基因表达模式的研究是进一步研究植入前胚胎发育调控机制的前提。本实验利用mRNA差异显示技术来研究兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus domestica)植入前各期胚胎的基因表达差异。在获得的42个阳性阶段特异性表达的基因中,有5个在NCBI和EMBL数据库中没有同源序列,登录EMBL,申请了登录号。这些新基因片段都是桑葚期特异表达的基因,而且在以后的囊胚期也有表达。兔由母源型调控向合子型调控的过渡是在8～16细胞期开始的,在桑葚期开始表达的这些基因片段应该是兔胚胎时期特异性基因。这些基因的克隆将为进一步研究兔的植入前胚胎发育模式奠定基础。     

斑尾榛鸡消化系统的解剖学观察

对7只斑尾榛鸡(Tetrastes sewerzowi)成体的消化系统进行了解剖、测量。消化管总长(161±21)cm,其中小肠、盲肠分别约占消化管总长的40.2%±3.2%和44.9%±2.4%。嗉囊容量约(42±9)ml。相对于其他体重接近的松鸡科鸟类,斑尾榛鸡的盲肠与小肠之比较大,可能与适应消化高纤维的食物有关。     

Effect of warming and grazing on litter mass loss and temperature sensitivity of litter and dung mass loss on the Tibetan plateau

Knowledge about the role of litter and dung decomposition in nutrient cycling and response to climate change and grazing in alpine ecosystems is still rudimentary. We conducted two separate studies to assess the relative role of warming and grazing on litter mass loss and on the temperature sensitivity of litter and dung mass loss. Experiments were conducted for 1–2 years under a controlled warming–grazing system and along an elevation gradient from 3200 to 3800 m. A free‐air temperature enhancement system (FATE) using infrared heaters and grazing significantly increased soil temperatures (average 0.5–1.6 °C) from 0 to 40 cm depth, but neither warming nor grazing affected soil moisture except early in the growing seasons at 30 cm soil depth. Heaters caused greater soil warming at night‐time compared with daytime, but grazing resulted in greater soil warming during daytime compared with night‐time. Annual average values of the soil temperature at 5 cm were 3.2, 2.4 and 0.3 °C at 3200, 3600 and 3800 m, respectively. Neither warming nor grazing caused changes of litter quality for the first year of the controlled warming–grazing experiment. The effects of warming and grazing on litter mass losses were additive, increasing litter mass losses by about 19.3% and 8.3%, respectively, for the 2‐year decomposition periods. The temperature sensitivity of litter mass losses was approximately 11% °C^?1 based on the controlled warming–grazing experiment. The annual cumulative litter mass loss was approximately 2.5 times that of dung along the elevation gradient. However, the temperature sensitivity (about 18% °C^?1) of the dung mass loss was about three times that of the litter mass loss. These results suggest greater warming at night‐time compared with daytime may accelerate litter mass loss, and grazing will enhance carbon loss to atmosphere in the region through a decrease of litter biomass and an increase of dung production with an increase of stocking rate in future warmer conditions.     

Purification of recombinant acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) from H293 cells and binding studies between the enzyme and substrates using difference intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is a membrane-bound enzyme utilizing long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A and cholesterol to form cholesteryl esters and coenzyme A. Previously, we had expressed tagged human ACAT1 (hACAT1) in CHO cells and purified it to homogeneity; however, only a sparse amount of purified protein could be obtained. Here we report that the hACAT1 expression level in H293 cells is 18-fold higher than that in CHO cells. We have developed a milder purification procedure to purify the enzyme to homogeneity. The abundance of the purified protein enabled us to conduct difference intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy to study the binding between the enzyme and its substrates in CHAPS/phospholipid mixed micelles. The results show that oleoyl-CoA binds to ACAT1 with K(d) = 1.9 μM and elicits significant structural changes of the protein as manifested by the significantly positive changes in its fluorescence spectrum; stearoyl-CoA elicits a similar spectrum change but much lower in magnitude. Previously, kinetic studies had shown that cholesterol is an efficient substrate and an allosteric activator of ACAT1, while its diastereomer epicholesterol is neither a substrate nor an activator. Here we show that both cholesterol and epicholesterol induce positive changes in the ACAT1 fluorescence spectrum; however, the magnitude of spectrum changes induced by cholesterol is much larger than epicholesterol. These results show that stereospecificity, governed by the 3β-OH moiety in steroid ring A, plays an important role in the binding of cholesterol to ACAT1.     

气候变化条件下小兴安岭林区森林采伐面积模拟

运用空间直观景观模型LANDIS6.0PRO,以采伐面积代替蓄积量作为采伐量,模拟了气候变化条件下,不同采伐强度交替采伐(交替时间分别为10、20、30年)情况下小兴安岭地区2000—2400年间当前采伐方案和11组模拟采伐预案下的森林采伐面积比.结果表明:不同采伐强度的交替进行,一定程度上可以增加研究区采伐面积;与当前采伐方案相比,短期内(10～30年),研究区模拟预案下每10年的采伐面积将增加3%～5%,中期(40～60年)内,研究区模拟预案下每10年的采伐面积将增加2.5%～7%,长期(70～100年)内,研究区模拟预案下每10年的采伐面积将增加3.5%～8%.总体上,研究区当前总采伐面积仍然过高,改变采伐模式虽然可以在一段时间内增加采伐面积,但不具有可持续性.若使研究区森林可持续发展,还需降低采伐强度、转变森林经营管理理念,变可持续林业产出为森林生态系统可持续管理.